Muhammadu Buhari (1942-2025): The End of an Era for Nigeria’s Former President
A Life of Service: From Military Rule to Democratic Leadership
Destiny often unfolds in unexpected ways, and for Muhammadu Buhari, it began in the humble surroundings of Daura, Katsina State. Born on December 17, 1942, to Fulani chieftain Malam Hardo Adamu and his wife Zulaihat, Buhari would rise to become one of Nigeria’s most consequential leaders – serving both as military head of state and later as democratically elected president.
The former leader passed away on Sunday at age 82 in a London clinic, as confirmed by his spokesperson Mallam Garba Shehu. President Bola Tinubu immediately ordered national flags flown at half-mast and dispatched Vice President Kashim Shettima to accompany Buhari’s remains back to Nigeria.
The Making of a Leader: Buhari’s Early Years
Buhari’s journey to national prominence began with his education at Katsina Middle School (later Provincial Secondary School), completed in 1961. At just 19 years old, he joined the military, training at Mons Officer Cadet School in England before being commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1963.
His military career saw rapid advancement through various specialized training programs and command positions. By 1965, he commanded the Second Infantry Battalion, demonstrating early leadership capabilities that would define his career.
The Path to Power: Military Leadership and Political Transition
Rise Through the Ranks
Buhari first entered the national spotlight during the July 1966 counter-coup that brought General Yakubu Gowon to power. His participation in this pivotal moment marked the beginning of his influence in Nigerian governance. As a Lieutenant Colonel, he played a key role in the 1975 coup that installed General Murtala Mohammed.
His administrative skills led to appointments as Governor of the North-Eastern State (1975-1976) and later the first Governor of Borno State after regional reorganization. Under General Olusegun Obasanjo’s administration, Buhari served as Minister for Petroleum and Natural Resources and chaired the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC).
The 1983 Coup and Military Leadership
Buhari’s most significant military role came in December 1983 when he led the coup that ended Nigeria’s Second Republic. His regime became known for the “War Against Indiscipline” (WAI) campaign, which sought to instill public morality and civic responsibility.
He implemented strict anti-corruption measures, including decrees that allowed freezing of suspect bank accounts and probing officials’ assets. However, his military government was overthrown in August 1985 by General Ibrahim Babangida, leading to Buhari’s detention until 1988.
Civilian Political Career: Persistence Rewarded
After years in political wilderness, Buhari reemerged as a civilian politician, contesting presidential elections in 2003, 2007, and 2011 under different party banners. His persistence paid off in 2015 when, as candidate of the newly formed All Progressives Congress (APC), he defeated incumbent President Goodluck Jonathan.
Buhari’s anti-corruption stance resonated with voters weary of systemic graft. His simple lifestyle – declaring modest assets including five homes, two mud houses, and livestock – contrasted sharply with the opulence associated with many Nigerian politicians.
Controversies and Challenges
The 2015 campaign wasn’t without controversy, particularly regarding Buhari’s educational qualifications. When pressed to produce certificates, he explained they were with military authorities. This became a national joke, with supporters quipping they’d vote for him even if he presented a “NEPA bill” as qualification.
Near-Death Experience and Final Years
In July 2014, Buhari narrowly escaped a Boko Haram bomb attack in Kaduna that killed 82 people. He credited his survival to an armored vehicle gifted by Senator Rabiu Kwankwaso, who had warned of assassination attempts.
After completing his second term in 2023, Buhari retired to Daura before settling in Kaduna. In his final public remarks, he reflected on his imperfections: “Whoever thought that there has been some form of injustice on him… there is no doubt I hurt some people, and I wish they would pardon me.”
Buhari’s death marks the end of an era for Nigerian politics, closing a chapter that spanned military rule and democratic transition. His legacy remains complex – admired by many for his integrity, criticized by others for governance shortcomings – but undeniably significant in Nigeria’s post-independence history.
Full credit to the original publisher: Daily Trust